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Hindenburg Programme
The Hindenburg Programme of August 1916 is the name given to the armaments and economic policy initiated by the German Supreme Army Command (''Oberste Heeresleitung'', OHL) in order to double German industrial production to greatly increase munitions.
==Provisions and impact==
The attrition warfare staged by Chief of Staff General Erich von Falkenhayn had turned out a disaster in the bloody battles of the Somme and of Verdun in 1916. While countless soldiers were killed, the German war production was unable to cope with the massive demands of arms, munitions and war material. On 29 August 1916, Falkenhayn was forced to resign and was replaced by Field marshal Paul von Hindenburg (1847-1934) and his deputy General Erich Ludendorff (1865-1937). Ludendorff, driving force behind Falkenhayn's dismissal, had developed plans to compensate the loss of "human material" by a vast material superiority.
The Hindenburg Programme was largely drafted by Ludendorff's confidant Lieutenant Colonel Max Bauer (1869-1929), an artillery expert with good contacts to the German heavy industry. The production of ammunition and ''Minenwerfer'' was to double by 1917, the manufacture of artillery and machine guns was expected to triple. The gunpowder production was set to be increased from 6,000 to 12,000 tonnes per month. Building material and military aircraft production increases were also among the objectives. On 1 November 1916, a new ''Kriegsamt'' agency affiliated to the Prussian Ministry of War was established to supervise the German war economy, headed by General Wilhelm Groener (1867-1939). The Hindenburg Programme was provided with a legal basis in the Support Services Act (''Gesetz über den vaterländischen Hilfsdienst'') implemented on 6 December.〔(Full text ) (German)〕
The unrealistic aims, ultimately, were not achievable. Instead, the plan required enormous infrastructural investment and consequently soldiers were taken from the front line; 1.2 million in September 1916 and a further 1.7 million in July 1917.〔Paul Kennedy, ''The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers. Economic Change and Military Conflict from 1500 to 2000'' (Fontana, 1989), p. 348.〕 Enterprises "not important to the war economy" were closed down to supply extra workforce. Men, horses and fuel were taken from agricultural production for the army and munitions, which resulted in food shortages and high food prices, leading to the close of 1918 seeing Germany on the verge of starvation.〔Kennedy, p. 349.〕
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